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group-cohesion

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🗂️ Philosophy, Ethics & Religion · View mindmap

Group Cohesion

Group cohesion refers to the range of processes that influence how well a group stays together and acts in coordination toward its goals. It is a multidimensional construct comprising interpersonal attraction, task commitment, and group pride.

Core Dimensions

  • Social Cohesion: The extent to which members like one another and enjoy interacting. High social cohesion reduces interpersonal conflict but does not guarantee task performance.
  • Task Cohesion: The degree to which members work together to achieve group objectives. This is the stronger predictor of team performance and effectiveness.

Determinants and Models

Cohesion is not static; it is influenced by contextual factors, team composition, and leadership. Key frameworks for understanding the drivers of cohesion include:

  • Hackman’s Model of Team Effectiveness: Identifies five conditions necessary for high-performance teamwork, which directly foster cohesion through clarity and commitment:

    1. Real Team: The group is a real, stable entity with clear boundaries.
    2. Compelling Direction: Shared understanding of goals and purpose (enhances task cohesion).
    3. Enabling Structure: Appropriate norms, roles, and processes that facilitate coordination.
    4. Supportive Context: Organizational systems (training, rewards, information) that support team work.
    5. Expert Coaching: Access to timely guidance and feedback.

  • Social Identity Theory: Cohesion increases when members derive self-esteem from their group membership, fostering in-group bias and collective identity.

  • Group Composition: Homogeneity in values and goals increases initial cohesion; diversity may challenge it but can enhance long-term problem-solving if managed well.

Outcomes

  • Positive: Increased satisfaction, membership retention, effort expenditure, and performance (especially when task cohesion is high).
  • Negative Risks:
    • Groupthink: High cohesion without critical thinking norms leads to poor decision-making.
    • Exclusion: Strong internal bonds may create barriers to newcomers or outsiders.

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