Transformers

Transformers are a neural network architecture introduced by Vaswani et al. in 2017 that processes sequential data using attention mechanisms. Unlike previous recurrent architectures such as RNN and LSTM, which process sequences step-by-step, transformers compute relationships between all positions in a sequence in parallel. This parallelization significantly accelerates training on modern hardware while enabling better capture of long-range dependencies within data.

Core Mechanism

The architecture’s foundation is the self-attention mechanism, which allows each element in a sequence to attend to every other element by computing weighted combinations of values based on query and key vectors. Multiple attention heads operate in parallel, each learning different relationship patterns. The transformer combines these heads with feed-forward networks and normalization layers to refine representations.

Recent Optimizations and Variants

Recent developments focus on optimizing attention mechanisms for efficient LLM inference and reduced computational overhead:

References